Sprinkler systems are one of the most frequently chosen fire extinguishing systems for the protection of buildings and facilities located in the open air. In order to effectively ensure the safety of people and property, they must not only be properly designed and installed, but also undergo regular maintenance and service activities. In order to maintain the efficiency of fixed sprinkler systems, 10-year, 12.5-year or 25-year inspections are also required, during which detailed external and internal inspections of sprinklers and pipes are subjected to.
Types of sprinkler systems
The construction of a basic sprinkler system includes a water supply tank, a pumping station, a substation with control and alarm valves, pressure and distribution pipelines, and a sprinkler grid. The operation of fixed sprinkler extinguishing systems is based on the use of ampoules with thermally expanding liquid, blocking the flow of water from the sprinklers. The increase in temperature caused by the fire leads to an increase in the volume of the liquid and rupture of the ampoule, which results in the opening of the sprinkler.
There are three basic types of sprinkler systems: wet, dry and pre-action. Each of these systems has its specific application, which must be adapted to the operating conditions of a given facility. The key to their effectiveness is the appropriate design of fire protection systems, which should take into account the specific nature of the threats and the requirements of the regulations.
Routine Maintenance and Servicing of Sprinkler Systems
Regular maintenance and inspections are essential to ensure full functionality of the sprinkler system. In accordance with the regulation of the Ministry of Interior and Administration of 7 June 2010, fire protection equipment and extinguishers are subject to maintenance and technical inspections regulated by Polish Standards, as well as the manufacturer’s documentation. Inspections should be carried out at least once every 12 months, although it is recommended to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Inspections according to PN-EN 12845 and VdS CEA 4001
The PN-EN 12845 standard is one of the most commonly used in Poland and specifies guidelines for the maintenance, inspection and operation of fixed fire extinguishing systems. It indicates that the user of the installation should conduct a program of inspections and checks, including both weekly and annual inspections.
VdS CEA 4001 imposes similar requirements, but provides detailed guidelines for inspection procedures such as checking water pressure, testing pumps and checking liquid levels in tanks. This standard recommends that inspections be performed by certified specialists.
Adaptation to UL and FM Global standards
In addition to European standards, UL and FM Global standards are becoming increasingly important on the international market, which set high requirements for the design, installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems. Implementation of fire protection systems compliant with these standards is crucial for companies operating globally, as it ensures compliance with regulations applicable in North America.
UL and FM Global standards focus on system reliability and rigorous performance testing, ensuring the effectiveness of the installation even in the most demanding conditions. Compliance with these standards increases safety and facilitates cooperation with international partners.
Regular inspections of sprinkler systems in accordance with various standards, such as PN-EN 12845, VdS CEA 4001, UL and FM Global, are essential to maintaining system reliability and ensuring compliance with regulations. Fire protection certification and cooperation with renowned certification bodies enables maintaining the highest fire protection standards, minimizing the risk of failure and increasing the level of safety.